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Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 05-09-2025 Origin: Site
In fine mist and liquid distribution applications, nozzle structure directly impacts system efficiency and final outcomes. Especially in industrial scenarios such as cooling, humidification, dust removal, odor control, and agricultural spraying, a nozzle with a precise and uniform atomization design is crucial.
Hollow cone nozzles, a common type in industrial applications, are preferred by many engineers and manufacturers due to their unique spray pattern and excellent performance. These nozzles spray liquid through a central hole, forming a hollow cone-shaped mist at the nozzle exit. This design not only enhances liquid atomization efficiency but also ensures even distribution of liquid particles, achieving better cooling, humidification, or dust removal effects. In high-temperature environments, hollow cone nozzles can quickly reduce temperatures, provide uniform humidity regulation, and effectively capture airborne dust and impurities.
Additionally, their unique spray pattern plays a significant role in odor control and agricultural spraying, ensuring even coverage of the target area and improving work efficiency and effectiveness.
A hollow cone nozzle is a precise device capable of producing a ring-shaped spray pattern, with the spray liquid concentrated around the outer edge of the spray cone, and minimal droplet distribution in the central area. This structure mainly consists of the following parts:
Swirl chamber: The liquid enters the nozzle tangentially, forming a strong rotational flow inside the spray chamber, which creates an empty conical mist stream at the outlet.
Nozzle exit design: The nozzle's exit is conical or circular, precisely machined to ensure stable atomization angles.
Flow guide slots or inserts: These further enhance the swirling effect, improving the uniformity of droplet distribution.
The core mechanism of the hollow cone nozzle lies in centrifugal force atomization, resulting in fine spray particles distributed within a ring-shaped area. It is particularly suitable for applications requiring coverage of edge areas or avoiding central spraying.
Fine mist particle size with uniform distribution:
typical droplet size ranges from 100 to 200 microns and can be further adjusted based on pressure and nozzle type.
Wide coverage area:
the spray angle usually covers 40° to 120°, suitable for rapid coverage of large areas. Excellent liquid conservation: due to the hollow spraying structure, unnecessary liquid waste is effectively reduced, enhancing spray efficiency.
Good anti-clogging performance (optional design):
some models feature self-cleaning structures or large channel designs, suitable for spraying liquids containing particles. Strong control over spray pattern: various spray modes can be achieved by replacing the swirl plate or adjusting the inlet pressure.
Spray droplet size is one of the core parameters of the performance of hollow cone nozzles, usually measured by the volume median diameter (VMD) or the Sauter mean diameter (SMD). The following factors will directly affect its atomization effect:
Factors influencing | Mechanism of action | Technical adjustment methods |
structure | Determine the liquid swirl intensity and outlet velocity | Adjust the size of the swirl chamber and the nozzle diameter |
Liquid viscosity and surface tension | High viscosity results in poor atomization and tends to form large particles. | Optimize liquid temperature or formula |
Jet pressure | The higher the pressure, the finer the droplets, and the more thorough the atomization. | Increase to the recommended operating pressure range |
Material and processing precision | Precision affects the symmetry of the flow field and the stability of atomization | Using CNC machining or ceramic micro-spray technology |
Hollow cone nozzles are widely used in various industrial systems. Here are some typical application cases:
industry sector | Purpose of the application | Utilize strengths |
electric power industry | Flue gas desulfurization, cooling tower spray | Increase atomization efficiency and reduce liquid consumption |
Chemical plant and oil refinery | Tower cooling, dust removal, and temperature reduction | Corrosion-resistant, high-precision distribution control |
food processing | Humidification, cleaning, coating treatment | Food-grade materials are optional and easy to clean |
Agricultural spraying system | pesticide atomization, greenhouse humidification | Wide spray range and high liquid efficiency |
Environmental governance | no method | Particle size is controllable, and the spray is uniform with no blind spots. |
Depending on the application environment and the medium being sprayed, hollow cone nozzles are often made from the following materials:
Stainless Steel (304/316): Corrosion-resistant and high-pressure tolerant, suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Plastic (PP, PVDF): Acid and alkali resistant, suitable for environments with corrosive gases or liquids.
Ceramic/Silicon Carbide: Highly wear-resistant, suitable for systems containing solid particles or high-frequency spraying.
Brass: Suitable for low-pressure systems, relatively cost-effective but not corrosion-resistant.
Selection Recommendations:
Determine the corrosion resistance level based on the type of liquid.
Choose the nozzle diameter and angle based on system pressure and flow requirements.
Select whether self-cleaning functionality is needed based on maintenance difficulty.
For use in food or pharmaceutical industries, prioritize food-grade stainless steel or engineering plastics.
Whether you're concerned with spray coverage uniformity, liquid utilization, or system stability, hollow cone nozzles offer an ideal solution. In complex operating conditions and high-standard requirements, selecting the right nozzle is crucial for achieving optimal balance between product quality, operational costs, and production efficiency.
If you're looking for high-performance nozzles or seeking professional selection advice, please contact Xinhou. We offer various specifications of hollow cone nozzles and can customize exclusive solutions based on customer needs, paving the way to more efficient spray control!
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