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Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 11-20-2025 Origin: Site
In industrial spray systems, the "shape" of the spray emitted by the nozzle often has a greater impact on the final outcome than flow rate or pressure. Whether it’s cleaning production lines, pretreatment before coating, or cooling processes, if the spray pattern is unstable, uneven, or insufficiently covered, the efficiency of the process will be directly affected.
Although the spray from a fan nozzle may seem simple, its spray angle, coverage width, edge definition, and impact force distribution are all closely related to the internal structure and pressure variations. These differences become even more pronounced in practical applications, influencing cleaning quality, cooling uniformity, pretreatment effectiveness, and even the stability of the production line.
The liquid sprayed from the fan-shaped nozzle forms a horizontally expanded, flat water curtain with a clearly visible structure, making it easy to control the spray range.
The water curtain unfolds as a thin sheet: after leaving the nozzle, the liquid quickly forms a smooth, fan-shaped thin sheet.
The center band is thicker: the flow density is highest in the middle area, creating the main impact zone.
The sides gradually thin out: ensuring the overall spray width diffuses linearly rather than dispersing randomly.
The edges are well-defined: the spray boundary is clear, making it easy to control the coverage width and preventing excess liquid from spilling outside.
The fan-shaped spray pattern offers strong repeatability and predictable spray width, maintaining high stability in continuous processes.
The formation of a fan-shaped spray originates from the internal structural design of the nozzle, with the core focus on how the liquid is guided, compressed, and expanded. The internal structure typically includes:
Narrow elliptical orifice: The liquid is "squeezed" into a flat thin sheet, which is key to forming the fan shape.
Flow guide grooves / deflection surfaces: Adjust the direction of the liquid to ensure a stable and consistent spray angle.
Liquid acceleration channel: Ensures the liquid enters the orifice at a uniform speed, preventing local flow velocity variations that cause uneven spraying.
Fluid slicing structure: Shapes the liquid into a smooth form the moment it leaves the orifice, enhancing the continuity of the spray curtain.
Through the coordinated action of these structures, the nozzle can output a linearly expanded, uniformly thick fan-shaped water curtain.
The integrity and coverage effect of the spray pattern are highly related to the pressure level. The liquid pressure determines the clarity of the spray fan, the distribution of impact force, and the thickness of the water film:
Low pressure: The edges of the water curtain are blurry, the fan shape is incomplete, and the coverage area is narrowed.
Moderate pressure range: The most stable fan shape is achieved, with a continuous water curtain and optimal uniformity of coverage.
High pressure: The spray fan becomes more compact, the central impact force significantly increases, allowing it to penetrate dirt or adhered layers.
This pressure-to-spray relationship enables the fan nozzle to adapt to various conditions, from high-impact cleaning to wide-area coverage.
Fan nozzles typically offer different angles to meet various structural layouts and spray distance requirements. The spray angle determines the spray width—the larger the angle, the wider the coverage area.
Spray angle | Spray width performance | Characteristics of fluid distribution |
15°–25° | Cover narrow | The water curtain is concentrated and has strong impact force, making it suitable for close-range strong impact. |
40°–65° | Medium width | Balancing coverage and impact force, suitable for most industrial processes |
80°–110° | Cover wide | The water curtain is thin and uniform, suitable for large-area rinsing and humidification |
The selection of nozzle angle should take into account factors such as spray distance, equipment structure, and liquid demand to ensure the compatibility of the spray with the workpiece or surface.
1. Industrial Cleaning
The linear water curtain provides a smooth, continuous coverage over the workpiece surface, enhancing rinsing efficiency.
2. Cooling Process
A continuous and uniform water film quickly dissipates heat, making the cooling process more controllable.
3. Surface Pretreatment and Pre-Coating Cleaning
High spray uniformity helps improve surface cleanliness, increasing the stability of subsequent processes.
4. Rinsing Process
A wide-angle fan spray creates a complete water curtain over wide workpieces, reducing cleaning blind spots.
5. Humidification and Dust Suppression
A broad, evenly distributed water curtain effectively increases air humidity or suppresses dust dispersion.
6. Automated Spraying/Sprinkling Systems
Clear spray boundaries allow precise control of the coverage area in automated workstations.
The fan-shaped spray pattern offers comprehensive advantages in coverage uniformity, impact distribution, and spray stability, making it especially reliable for continuous production lines.
The spray pattern formed by a fan-shaped nozzle not only determines the coverage area of the liquid but also directly impacts the stability and efficiency of the process. A uniform and controllable fan-shaped spray offers the following advantages:
Improved coverage efficiency: The fan-shaped spray can quickly cover the target surface, enabling large-area treatment without additional mechanical movement, thereby increasing operational efficiency.
Optimized impact force and liquid distribution: The design features concentrated flow in the center and a gradual decrease toward the edges, ensuring a balanced distribution of impact force. This guarantees effective cleaning or impact while avoiding liquid waste.
Enhanced liquid utilization: Uniform spray distribution maximizes the use of water or chemical liquids, reducing waste and secondary pollution.
Consistent process quality: Each spray produces a stable water curtain, ensuring that products or workpieces on continuous production lines are treated evenly at every stage, minimizing process fluctuations.
Reduced maintenance costs: Spray uniformity and structural stability lower the risk of nozzle clogging and uneven wear, thereby decreasing maintenance frequency and replacement expenses.
Improved product surface quality or process outcomes: In processes such as pre-coating treatment, cooling, or rinsing, a uniform fan-shaped spray helps enhance coating adhesion, accelerate cooling, or ensure thorough cleaning, ultimately improving the final product quality.
Overall, the stability and controllability of the fan-shaped spray pattern are crucial factors in ensuring efficient and reliable industrial processes. Whether in continuous production lines or high-precision machining, it significantly boosts operational efficiency and product consistency.
The spray pattern of a fan nozzle is characterized by clear structure, continuous stability, and controllable coverage, making it a key liquid distribution method in various industrial processes. A deep understanding of the morphology, formation principles, and performance under different operating conditions of fan sprays helps achieve higher quality and efficiency in liquid effects during cleaning, cooling, pretreatment, rinsing, humidification, and other stages. If you need selection guidance, technical parameters, spray pattern comparisons, or matching evaluation for different operating conditions, please contact Xinhou Nozzle. Xinhou provides various specifications of fan nozzles and spray solutions, and can offer more professional technical support according to actual application requirements.
